Acknowledgements
This report should be cited as
SLOCAT (2021), Tracking Trends in a Time of Change: The Need for Radical Action Towards Sustainable Transport Decarbonisation, Transport and Climate Change Global Status Report – 2nd edition, www.tcc-gsr.com.
Data access and licensing
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. Adapt — remix, transform and build upon the material for any purpose. Attribution — you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the licence and indicate if changes were made.
The development of this report was led by Maruxa Cardama, Angel Cortez, Nicolas Cruz, Angela Enriquez, Emily Hosek, Karl Peet, Nikola Medimorec, Arturo Steinvorth and Alice Yiu from the secretariat of the SLOCAT Partnership.
Our warm thanks to the many SLOCAT partners and experts from the wider transport community who have shaped this report. A significant share of the research for this report was conducted on a voluntary basis.
Financial supporters
This edition of the Transport and Climate Change Global Status Report has been made possible thanks to financial support from Agence Française de Développement (AFD) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ).
Strategy team members (alphabetical by affiliation’s full name)
Suzanne Spooner (AFD), Carolina Chantrill (Asociación Sustentar / LEDS LAC), Nicholas You (Citistates), André Eckermann and Friedel Sehlleier (GIZ), Tsu Jui Cheng and Tu My Tran (ICLEI), Jacob Mason (ITDP), Philip Turner (UITP), Jacob Teter and Jacopo Tattini (IEA), Maisarah Abdul Kadir and Nicholas Wagner (IRENA), Wei-Shiuen Ng (ITF), Olatunji Yusuf (IsDB), Hannah E. Murdock (REN21), José Holguin-Veras (RPI), Madan Bandhu Regmi (UNESCAP), Yarob Badr (UNESCWA), Bronwen Thornton (Walk21), Thiago Hérick de Sa (WHO), Benjamin Welle (WRI).
Special advisor
Holger Dalkmann (Sustain2030)
Contributing authors by section
1.1 Global Transport and Climate Change: Nikola Medimorec (SLOCAT Secretariat)
1.2 Africa Regional Overview: Karl Peet (SLOCAT Secretariat)
1.3 Asia Regional Overview: Angel Cortez (SLOCAT Secretariat)
1.4 Europe Regional Overview: Angel Cortez and Nicolas Cruz (SLOCAT Secretariat)
1.5 Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Overview: Emily Hosek and Arturo Steinvorth(SLOCAT Secretariat)
1.6 North America Regional Overview: Carlos Pardo (NUMO), Angela Enriquez (SLOCAT Secretariat)
1.7 Oceania Regional Overview: Angel Cortez and Karl Peet (SLOCAT Secretariat)
2.1. Transport Trends: Tali Trigg (Independent), Nikola Medimorec (SLOCAT Secretariat)
2.2. Transport Emissions: Tali Trigg (Independent), Nikola Medimorec (SLOCAT Secretariat)
2.3. Low Carbon Transport Pathways: Tali Trigg (Independent), Nikola Medimorec (SLOCAT Secretariat)
3.1. Responses to Address Climate Change in the Transport Sector: Emily Hosek, Nikola Medimorec and Karl Peet (SLOCAT Secretariat)
3.2. Sustainable Mobility Planning and Transport Management: Karl Peet (SLOCAT Secretariat), Dario Hidalgo (WRI)
3.3. Walking and Cycling: Marina Moscoso Mendonça and Thomas Van Laake (Despacio), Daniel Sauter (Measuring Walking), Bronwen Thornton (Walk21)
3.4. Urban Passenger and Freight Transport: Agnivesh Pani (University of Memphis), Angel Cortez and Nikola Medimorec (SLOCAT Secretariat)
3.5. Passenger and Freight Railways: Marie Luz-Philippe (UIC)
3.6. Shared Mobility Services: Carlos Pardo (NUMO)
3.7. Fuel Economy: Richard Clarke and Sheila Watson (GFEI)
3.8. Electric Mobility: Margarita Parra (Clean Energy Works), O. P. Agarwal and Neha Yadar (WRI)
3.9. Renewable Energy in Transport: Maisarah Abdul Kadir and Nicholas Wagner (IRENA), Hannah Murdock and Flavia Guerra (REN21)
3.10. Aviation: Karl Peet (SLOCAT Secretariat)
3.11. Shipping: Karl Peet (SLOCAT Secretariat)
- Financing Climate Action in Transport: Angel Cortez, Emily Hosek, Nikola Medimorec and Karl Peet (SLOCAT Secretariat)
Focus Features authors
F.1 Impacts of COVID-19 on travel behaviour: Erika Martins Silva Ramos (University of Gothenburg)
F.2 Addressing climate change and improving access to opportunities: Benjamin Welle (WRI)
F.3 Adaptation policy measures in the transport sector: Jan Brooke (PIANC)
F.4 Gender and sustainable mobility: Lizzette Soria Sotelo (UN Women)
F.5 Health impacts of transport: Thíago de Sa (WHO)
F.6 Paratransit as a complement to formal transport networks: Stanford Turner (ITDP)
F.7 Multi-stakeholder mobilisation for climate action in transport: Angela Enriquez and Alice Yiu (SLOCAT Secretariat)
Section reviewers and contributors
Cecile Textier (Alstom), Leonardo Paoli (IEA), Adam Cohen and Susan Shaheen (UC Berkeley)
Executive summary authors and contributors
Maruxa Cardama, Holger Dalkmann, Angela Enriquez and Karl Peet
National focal points
Afghanistan: Mohammad Sameem Raheemi (Ministry of Transport)
Bangladesh: Md. Nurul Islam Biplob (British Council, Bangladesh), Muhammad Abdur Rahaman (Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation Experiment & Training (CAMET) Park), Md. Abdur Rakib Khan (Cox’s Bazar Development Authority), Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman (Network on Climate Change in Bangladesh (NCC,B))
Bhutan: Om Katel (Royal University of Bhutan)
Bolivia (Plurinational State of): Luis De La Torre (Repsol), Ilias Siddiqui (World Youth Bank Network)
Brazil: André Luiz Lopes Toledo (Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN)); Guilherme Lara Camargos Tampieri (Nossa BH and Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG))
Cameroon: Raphael Mbuh (First Modern Agro. Tools – Common Initiative Group (FI.MO.AT.C.I.G))
Costa Rica Arturo Steinvorth Álvarez (Centro Para la Sostenibilidad Urbana)
Côte d’Ivoire: Abdel Kader Koné (ONG Les Bras Unis)
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Donat Bagula (Ministry for Transports and Communications), Adelard Kazadi (Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development), Bernard Lutete Di Lutete (Save the Climat (NGO in Consultative Status with UN ECOSOC))
Ecuador: Katherine Latorre Hernández (GAD Municipal Cuenca), Antonio Chamorro (Secretaría de Movilidad del Municipio de Quito)
Egypt: Atef Soliman (Fuel Economy, Sustainable Mobility Planning and Transport Demand Management), Atef Gerges (Gatef)
Estonia: Mari Jüssi (Estonian Road Administration)
Gambia, Republic of: Demba Baldeh (Gambia College)
Georgia: Gela Kvashilava (Partnership for Road Safety)
Ghana: Adokwei Addo (National Health Insurance Authority), Daniel Asafra Tibu (Centre for Sustainable Tourism, Environment and Resource Management (CENSTERM)), Chibeze Ezekiel (Strategic Youth Network for Development)
Guatemala: Andres Alejandro Calderón Vargas (Rafael Landivar University / Independent)
India: Parimal Parashar (Svyam Bane Gopal)
Indonesia: Sukma Larastiti (Transportologi)
Japan: Masaru Kumai (Eco-Mo Foundation)
Jordan: Mona Labadi (University of Saint Joseph – Beirut)
Kenya: Kaluki Paul Mutuku (350 Kenya), Francisco Achwoka (Ben-Gurion University of The Negev), Faith Njagi (KenGrow Foundation), Pauline Atieno Owiti (Parvati Foundation), Romanus O. Opiyo (University of Nairobi)
Liberia: Arthur R. M. Becker (Environmental Protection Agency of Liberia)
Malaysia: Nithi Nesadurai (Environmental Protection Society Malaysia), Ahmad Jais Alimin (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia), Nadhrah A Kadir (Universiti Sains Malaysia), Azlin Mohd Azmi (Universiti Teknologi MARA)
Mali: Adama Toure (Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MESRS))
Mexico: José Gil (German Cooperation for Sustainable Development (GIZ))
Nepal: Shambhu KC (Freelancer / former Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Urban Development, Nepal), Bhupendra Das (NEEDS), Rajani Shakya (Rural Area Development Programme (RADP))
Nigeria: Freeman Elohor Oluowo (African Centre for Climate Actions and Rural Development (ACCARD) Initiative), Asabe Shehu Yar’Adua (Asabe Shehu Yar’adua Foundation (ASYARFS)), Ibrahim Aminu (Bank of Agriculture), Akachukwu Okafor (Change Partners International), Anthony Alex Akinola (Environment and Development Advocates (EDA)), Ayodele Adekunle Faiyetole (Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria), Emmanuel John (Ochenuel Mobility), Iwuoha Emmanuel Uchenna (University of Nigeria)
North Macedonia: Daniel Pavleski (City of Skopje)
Pakistan: Abdul Khalique (Board of Investment), Shayan Zuberi (National University of Science and Technology)
Papua New Guinea: Christian Lohberger (Climate Change and Development Authority)
Peru: Luis De La Torre (Repsol)
Philippines: Maria Golda Hilario (Institute for Climate and Sustainable Cities (ICSC))
Rwanda: Michelle DeFreese (Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI))
Senegal: Gallo Diop (Club Ohada Thies)
Serbia: Aleksandar Nikolić (Municipality of Vrbas / Serbia), Vladimir Djoric and Vladimir Momčilović (University of Belgrade – Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering)
South Sudan: Emmanuel Longo (South Sudan Sustainable Solutions Development Network)
Sri Lanka: Eranda Roshan Fernando (Chamber of Commerce)
Togo: Alimou Lembo (Association Global Humaniste)
Turkey: Deger Saygin (SHURA Energy Transition Center)
Uganda: John Mark Mwanika (Amalgamated Transport and General Workers Union)
Ukraine: Iryna Bondarenko (Ecoaction)
Zambia: Absalom Sakala (Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection, Government of Zambia)
Zimbabwe: Ignatius Gutsa (University of Zimbabwe)
Eastern Africa: Henry Kamau (Sustainable Transport Africa)
Africa: Satya P. Bindra (UNDESA Focal Point Libya)
Latin America: Heloisa Schneider (ECLAC)
Europe: Florinda Boschetti (Polis Network)
Peer reviewers
Elah Matt (Astar Policy); Carolina Chantrill (Asociación Sustentar / LEDS LAC); Walter Cont (CAF); Seble Samuel (CCAFS); Arturo Steinvorth (Centro para la Sostenibilidad Urbana); Xumei Chen (China Urban Sustainable Transport Research Center); Muhammad Abdur Rahaman (Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation Experiment & Training Park); Cornie Huizenga (Climate and Environment Services Group); Jackie Klopp (Columbia University); Henrik Gudmundsson (CONCITO); Akachukwu Okafor (CPI); Marion Vieweg (Current Future); Iryna Bondarenko (Ecoaction); Katherine Latorre Hernández (GAD Municipal Cuenca); Daniel Bongardt, Urda Eichhorst, Herman Kwoba, Pablo Juica, Alexander Mahler, Christian Mettke, Martin Schaefer, Friedel Sehlleier, Nadja Taeger and Sasank Vemuri (GIZ); Alimou Lembo (Global Humaniste); Benoit Lefevre (IDB); Beatrice Ch’ng (ICLEI); André Luis Lopez Toledo (IFRN); Maisarah Abdul Kadir and Nicholas Wagner (IRENA); Wei-Shiuen Ng (ITF); Christopher Hitz (IRF); Stefan Bakker (KiM Netherlands Institute for Transport Policy Analysis); Heather Allen (Median scl); Aage Jorgensen (NDF); Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman (Network on Climate Change in Bangladesh); Jyot Chadha (WRI/NUMO); Emmanuel John (Ochenuel Mobility); Flavia Guerra, Hannah E. Murdock and Hend Yaqoob (REN21); Sreenivas Chigullapalli (Rural Technology Action Group); Luis De La Torre (Repsol); Bernard Lutete Di Lutete (Save the Climat); Antonio Chamorro (Secretaría de Movilidad del Municipio de Quito); Deger Saygin (SHURA Energy Transition Center); Holger Dalkmann (Sustain 2030); Andrew Murphy (T&E); Sukma Larastiti (Transportologi); Bhupendra Das (Tribhuvan University); Adam Cohen (UC Berkeley); Lucie Anderton and Philippe Stefanos (UIC); Janene Tuniz (UN); Madan Bandhu Regmi (UNESCAP); Jan Brooke (PIANC); Karla Solis (UNFCCC-Regional Collaboration Centre); Nadhrah A. Kadir (Universiti Sains Malaysia); Ahmad Jais Alimin (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia); Vladimir Momčilović (University of Belgrade); Marie Venner (Venner Consulting); Dong Phoung Tran (Vietnam National University); Bronwen Thornton (Walk21); Annika Berlin (World Bank); Sebastian Castellanos and Benjamin Welle (WRI); Demba Baldeh (Independent); Tyrrell Duncan (Independent); José Gil (Independent); Shambhu KC (Independent); Paul Kompfner (Independent); Sara Paiva (Independent); Margarita Parra (Clean Energy Works); Heloisa Schneider (Independent); Tanguy Tomes (Independent).
Editing, design and layout
Lisa Mastny (Editor)
Kadi (Layout and Web Design)