List of abbreviations
10 ppm 10 parts per million
12 m 12 months
3.5 m 3.5 metre
°C Degree Celsius
A-S-I Avoid-Shift-Improve
ACT Action towards Climate-friendly Transport
ADB Asian Development Bank
AFD French Development Agency (Agence française de développement)
ALICE Alliance for Logistics Innovation and Collaboration in Europe
AIIB Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ATM Air traffic management
B10 10% biodiesel blend in diesel
B30 30% biodiesel blend in diesel
B100 100% biodiesel
BAIC Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Company
BAU Business as usual
BGD Bangladesh
BTS Bureau of Transportation Statistics
BRT Bus rapid transit
CAD Canadian dollar
CAEP Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection
CAF Development Bank of Latin America
CAT Climate Action Tracker
CCAFS Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
CDP Carbon Disclosure Project
CNG Compressed natural gas
COACCH CO-designing the Assessment of Climate Change Costs
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent
COP Conference of the parties (United Nations Climate Change Conference)
CORSIA Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation
CPI Change Partners International
CRC Costa Rican Colón
CTF Climate Technology Fund
E-bike Electric bike
E-scooter Electric scooter
EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
EC European Commission
ECF European Cyclists’ Federation
ECLAC United Nations Economic Commissions for Latin America and the Caribbean
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EDGAR Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research
EEA European Environmental Agency
EIA US Energy Information Administration
EIB European Investment Bank
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ESG Environmental, social, and corporate governance
EU European Union
EUR Euro
EV Electric vehicle
FAME Faster Adoption and Manufacture of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
FAME (biodiesel) Fatty acid methyl esters
FTA Federal Transit Administration
GAD Decentralised autonomous government (Gobierno autónomo descentralizado)
G (CO2) Grams
GBP British pound sterling
GCF Green Climate Fund
GDCI Global Designing Cities Initiative
GDP Gross domestic product
GHG Greenhouse gas
GEF Global Environment Facility
GFEI Global Fuel Economy Initiative
GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH
Gt Gigatonnes
GPS Global positioning system
HAC High Ambition Coalition
HDV Heavy-duty vehicle
HEV Hybrid electric vehicle
HGV Heavy goods vehicle
Hr Hour
HVO Hydrotreated vegetable oil
IATA International Air Transport Association
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ICCT International Council on Clean Transportation
ICE Internal combustion engine
ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability
IDB Inter-American Development Bank
IEA International Energy Agency
IFRN Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (Instituto Federal de Rio Grande do Norte)
IISD International Institute for Sustainable Development
IKI International Climate Initiative
IMF International Monetary Fund
INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contributions
Incl. Including
Intl. International
IMO International Maritime Organization
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency
IRF International Road Federation
IsDB Islamic Development Bank
ITDP Institute for Transportation and Development Policy
ITF International Transport Forum
IRF International Road Federation
JCM Joint Crediting Mechanism
JI Joint Implementation
JR Japan Railway
KCCA Kampala Capital City Authority
KES Kenyan Shilling
Kg Kilogram
Km Kilometre
kW Kilowatt
kWh Kilowatt-hour
L Litre
Lge Litres of gasoline-equivalent
LAC Latin America and the Caribbean
LDV Light-duty vehicle
LEDS Low Emissions Development Strategies
LEZ Low-emissions zone
LNG Liquefied natural gas
LRT Light rail transit
LT-LEDS Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy
MaaS Mobility as a Service
Mboe/d Million barrels of oil equivalent per day
MDB Multilateral development bank
MJ Megajoule
MPGCA Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action
Mt Metric ton
MtCO2e Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
Mtonnes Megatonnes
N/A Not applicable
NACTO National Association of City Transportation Officials
NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions
NAP National Adaptation Plan
NAPA National Adaptation Programmes of Action
NCCETC North Carolina Clean Energy Technology Center
NDC Nationally Determined Contributions
NDF Nordic Development Fund
NEDC New European Driving Cycle
NGO Non-governmental organisation
NUMO New Urban Mobility Alliance
NUMP National urban mobility plan
ODF Official development finance
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OEM Original equipment manufacturer
OICA Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles
PBSP Pacific Blue Shipping Partnership
PHEV Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
Pkm Passenger kilometre
PM2.5 Fine particulate matter
PPMC Paris Process on Mobility and Climate
PSI Private sector involvement
RED Renewable Energy Directive
REN21 Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century
RNG Renewable natural gas
RPI Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
RPK Revenue passenger kilometre
SAATM Single African Air Transport Market
SIDS Small island developing states
SDG UN Sustainable Development Goal
SLOCAT SLOCAT Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport
SMP Shared mobility principles
SSATP Africa Transport Policy Programme
SuM4All Sustainable Mobility for All
SUMC Shared-Use Mobility Center
SUMP Sustainable urban mobility plan
SUV Sport utility vehicle
TEU Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit
THB Thai baht
TDA Transport Decarbonisation Alliance
T&E Transport & Environment
TOD Transit-oriented development
TNC Transport network company
TUMI Transformative Urban Mobility Initiative
UC University of California
UEMI Urban Electric Mobility Initiative
UIC International Union of Railways
UITP International Association of Public Transport
UK United Kingdom
UK PACT United Kingdom Partnering for Accelerated Climate Transitions
ULEZ Ultra-low-emission zone
UN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlements Programme
UN United Nations
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDRR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
UNECOSOC United Nations Economic and Social Council
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
UNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
UNESCWA United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
USA United States of America
USD United States Dollar
VAT Value-added tax
VNR Voluntary National Review
VOC Volatile organic compounds
WEF World Economic Forum
WGST Working group on sustainable transport
WHO World Health Organization
WLTP Worldwide harmonised light vehicles test procedure
WRI World Resources Institute
WTW Well-to-wheel
WWF World Wildlife Fund
ZEV Zero-emission vehicle
ZEZ Zero-emission zone